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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread worldwide.1 The virus, commonly pre
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In 2015, for the first time in a hundred years, the average life expectancy in the United States entered a period of sustained decline. This has been
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As of June 2020, there are close to 10 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with the 25% of the infected residing in the United States1. Whi
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Bronchospasm, or the severe constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, is a potentially dangerous complication that every anesthesia provider should be
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In a small percentage of anesthesia cases, patients report awareness during the procedure. Awareness is defined as recall of intraoperative events aft
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Electronic cigarettes, called “e-cigarettes,” “e-cigs,” “vapes,” “e-hookahs,” “vape pens” and “electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS),”1 are drug
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Pentazocine is an opioid analgesic drug available in some European countries and in drug combination products in the United States.1 It was developed
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Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the primary support for patients with respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). MV is a method
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Hydromorphone is a semi-synthetic opioid drug with analgesic effects, and a more potent derivative of morphine.1 Hydromorphone is classified by the Un
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